:root{--navy:#102a43;--navy-2:#0a1f33;--navy-3:#243b53;--accent:#1f7a4d;--accent-bg:#e8f4ee;--accent-lt:#8fd3ad;--ink:#1f2933;--muted:#52606d;--line:#d9e2ec;--bg:#f5f7fa;--white:#fff;--radius:10px;--shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16,42,67,.06),0 4px 14px rgba(16,42,67,.06);--link:#0b5394}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:84px}
body{margin:0;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:var(--bg);font-size:18px;line-height:1.65;overflow-x:hidden}
img,svg{max-width:100%}
.wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px}
a{color:var(--link);text-underline-offset:2px}a:hover{color:var(--navy)}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #f0b429;outline-offset:2px;border-radius:3px}
.skip{position:absolute;left:-9999px;top:8px;background:#fff;color:var(--navy);padding:10px 14px;z-index:100;font-weight:700}.skip:focus{left:12px}
.sr{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0)}
/* header */
header.site{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:var(--navy);color:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.18)}
.bar-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;min-height:68px;gap:16px}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.brand:hover{color:#fff}
.logo-mark{width:34px;height:34px;color:#fff}.wordmark{font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.2px}.wordmark b{font-weight:800}
.navtoggle{position:absolute;opacity:0;width:1px;height:1px}.burger{display:none}
.menu{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:2px}
.menu>li>a,.ddh{display:block;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;padding:22px 14px;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600;border-bottom:3px solid transparent;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap}
.menu>li>a:hover,.ddh:hover,.dd:focus-within .ddh{background:var(--navy-3);color:#fff}
.menu a[aria-current],.dd.active .ddh{border-bottom-color:var(--accent-lt)}
.dd{position:relative}.sub{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:8px 0;position:absolute;left:0;top:100%;min-width:220px;background:#fff;border-radius:0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius);box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(16,42,67,.18);display:none}
.dd:hover .sub,.dd:focus-within .sub{display:block}
.sub a{display:block;padding:9px 18px;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;font-weight:500;font-size:.95rem}.sub a:hover{background:var(--bg);color:var(--navy)}.sub a[aria-current]{color:var(--accent);font-weight:700;box-shadow:inset 4px 0 0 var(--accent)}
/* bands & hero */
.band{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--navy-2),var(--navy));color:#fff;padding:30px 0 34px}
.band h1{margin:.15em 0 .1em;font-size:2.2rem;line-height:1.2;color:#fff}.band-sub{margin:0;color:#c9d8e6;font-size:1.08rem}
.crumbs{font-size:.9rem;color:#c9d8e6}.crumbs a{color:#e6eef5}
.hero{background:linear-gradient(160deg,var(--navy-2) 0%,var(--navy) 60%,#15395a 100%);color:#e9f0f6;padding:64px 0 60px}
.hero .wrap{max-width:860px}.hero h1{color:#fff;font-size:2.7rem;line-height:1.15;margin:.1em 0 .6em;letter-spacing:-.5px}
.hero p{font-size:1.12rem;margin:0 0 1em}.eyebrow{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:.82rem!important;color:var(--accent-lt);font-weight:700}
.closing{font-size:1.35rem!important;font-weight:800;color:#fff;border-left:5px solid var(--accent-lt);padding-left:14px;margin-top:1.3em!important}.closing.dark{color:var(--navy);border-color:var(--accent)}
.hero-cta{margin-top:1.6em!important}
/* type */
main{padding:36px 24px 20px}
h2{font-size:1.55rem;line-height:1.3;color:var(--navy);margin:2.2em 0 .7em;padding-bottom:8px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
main>h2:first-child,.intro-note h2{margin-top:0}
h3{margin:.1em 0 .45em;font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--navy);line-height:1.35}
.lead{font-size:1.12rem;color:#323f4b}.small{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}.cite{font-size:.88em;white-space:nowrap}
.intro-note,.prose{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:24px 28px}.prose{max-width:780px}
/* stats & cards */
.stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:18px;margin:26px 0 8px}
.stat{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:18px 20px;font-size:.97rem;color:var(--muted);border-top:4px solid var(--navy)}
.big{display:block;font-size:1.8rem;font-weight:800;color:var(--navy);line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:4px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(300px,1fr));gap:20px;margin:18px 0;padding:0}.cards.plain{list-style:none}
.card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:20px 22px;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;transition:transform .12s,box-shadow .12s}
a.card:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 8px 22px rgba(16,42,67,.13);color:var(--ink)}
.card p{margin:.35em 0}.more{margin-top:auto;padding-top:10px;color:var(--link);font-weight:700}
.feature-card{border-top:4px solid var(--navy)}.person{border-top:4px solid var(--accent)}.iisc{border-top:4px solid var(--accent);background:var(--accent-bg)}
.role{color:var(--muted);font-weight:600;margin:0 0 .4em}.iisline{font-size:.95rem}
.key{display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:3px;vertical-align:-2px;margin-right:4px}.key.iis{background:var(--accent)}
/* charts */
.bars{margin:14px 0;background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:8px 18px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.bar-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(170px,38%) 1fr 130px;gap:14px;align-items:center;padding:9px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #edf1f5}.bar-row:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.bar-label{font-size:.95rem}.bar-track{background:#e9eef3;border-radius:5px;height:18px}.bar{height:18px;border-radius:5px;background:#486581}.bar.iis{background:var(--accent)}
.bar.part{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#486581 0 8px,var(--accent) 8px 16px)}.bar-val{text-align:right;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.share{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:16px 18px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}.share-bar{height:26px;background:#d9e2ec;border-radius:5px;overflow:hidden}.share-prev{height:100%;background:var(--navy)}.share p{margin:.6em 0 0}
.flow{margin:14px 0;background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:16px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}.flow svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.flow figcaption{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}
/* tables */
.tablewrap{overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);background:var(--white);margin:14px 0}
table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95rem}th,td{padding:10px 14px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
thead th{background:#f0f4f8;color:var(--navy);font-weight:700;font-size:.88rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.4px}
tbody tr:nth-child(even) td{background:#fafbfc}tr.iis td{background:var(--accent-bg)!important}tfoot td{background:#f0f4f8;font-weight:600}
td.num,th.num{text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}td.n{white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy)}td.links a{display:block;white-space:nowrap}
tr:target td{background:#fff6d6!important}
/* notes */
.note{background:#fffbea;border:1px solid #f0d78c;border-left:5px solid #c99a06;border-radius:var(--radius);padding:14px 18px;margin:24px 0}
.callout{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:5px solid var(--navy);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:6px 24px 12px;margin:26px 0;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}.callout h2{border:0;margin-top:.7em}
.statements{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:8px 28px 20px;margin:30px 0}.statements h2{border:0}.statements li{margin-bottom:1em;padding-left:4px}
.ask{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;text-align:center;font-weight:800;font-size:1.3rem;padding:14px;border-radius:8px;margin:10px 0 0}
.facts li{margin-bottom:.7em}
/* nav aids */
.jump{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:12px 18px;margin:0 0 10px;box-shadow:var(--shadow);font-size:.95rem;line-height:2}
.jump a{display:inline-block;margin:0 4px;padding:0 10px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;background:var(--bg);line-height:1.9}.jump a:hover{border-color:var(--navy)}
.totop{text-align:right;font-size:.92rem;margin:8px 0 0}.totop a{text-decoration:none}
.pager{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px;margin:30px 0 10px}.pager a{display:block;background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:14px 18px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}.pager a:hover{border-color:var(--navy)}.pager small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-weight:500;font-size:.85rem}.pager .next{text-align:right}
.btn{display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;margin:4px 8px 4px 0;background:var(--navy);color:#fff;text-decoration:none;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;font-size:.97rem;border:2px solid var(--navy)}.btn:hover{background:var(--navy-2);color:#fff}
.btn.alt{background:#fff;color:var(--navy)}.btn.alt:hover{background:var(--bg);color:var(--navy)}.btn.light{background:#fff;color:var(--navy);border-color:#fff}.btn.light:hover{background:#e6eef5;color:var(--navy)}.btn.ghost{background:transparent;color:#fff;border-color:#9fb3c8}.btn.ghost:hover{border-color:#fff}
/* footer */
footer.site{background:var(--navy-2);color:#c9d8e6;margin-top:56px;padding:40px 0 20px}
.fgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:28px}footer h2{color:#fff;font-size:.95rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;border:0;margin:0 0 10px;padding:0}
footer ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}footer li{margin:5px 0}footer a{color:#e6eef5;text-decoration:none}footer a:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}
.fbrand{color:#fff;font-size:1.3rem;margin:0 0 6px}.fline{border-top:1px solid #2c4a66;margin-top:28px;padding-top:16px;text-align:center;font-size:.93rem}.fline a{text-decoration:underline}
/* responsive */
@media(max-width:980px){
 .burger{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;gap:5px;cursor:pointer;padding:12px;border:2px solid #486581;border-radius:8px}
 .burger span{display:block;width:24px;height:3px;background:#fff;border-radius:2px}.burger em{position:absolute;left:-9999px}
 .navtoggle:focus-visible+.burger{outline:3px solid #f0b429}
 .bar-top{flex-wrap:wrap}.mainnav{display:none;width:100%;padding:0 0 14px}.navtoggle:checked~.mainnav{display:block}
 .navtoggle:checked+.burger span:nth-child(1){transform:translateY(8px) rotate(45deg)}.navtoggle:checked+.burger span:nth-child(2){opacity:0}.navtoggle:checked+.burger span:nth-child(3){transform:translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg)}
 .menu{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0;border-top:1px solid #2c4a66}
 .menu>li>a,.ddh{padding:13px 6px;border-bottom:1px solid #2c4a66;font-size:1.05rem}.menu a[aria-current]{border-bottom-color:#2c4a66;box-shadow:inset 4px 0 0 var(--accent-lt);padding-left:14px}
 .ddh{color:#9fb3c8;font-size:.85rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;cursor:default}.ddh span{display:none}.dd.active .ddh{border-bottom-color:#2c4a66}
 .sub{display:block;position:static;background:transparent;box-shadow:none;padding:0;min-width:0}.sub a{color:#fff;padding:12px 6px 12px 22px;border-bottom:1px solid #2c4a66;font-size:1.02rem}.sub a:hover{background:var(--navy-3);color:#fff}.sub a[aria-current]{color:var(--accent-lt)}
 .fgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}
@media(max-width:640px){body{font-size:17px}.wrap{padding:0 18px}main{padding:26px 18px 10px}
 .hero{padding:42px 0 40px}.hero h1{font-size:2rem}.band h1{font-size:1.7rem}h2{font-size:1.35rem}
 .cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}.bar-row{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:6px 12px}.bar-label{grid-column:1/3}.bar-track{grid-column:1/2}
 .intro-note,.prose,.statements{padding:18px}.pager{grid-template-columns:1fr}.pager .next{text-align:left}
 table.ev,table.ev thead,table.ev tbody,table.ev tr,table.ev td{display:block}table.ev thead{display:none}table.ev td{border:0;padding:4px 14px}table.ev tr{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 0}td.links a{display:inline-block;margin-right:14px}
 .fgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.btn{display:block;text-align:center;margin:8px 0}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{transition:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}}
.ico{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:5px}.ico svg{width:100%;height:100%;display:block}
h3 .ico{width:22px;height:22px;vertical-align:-4px}.big+.ico{display:none}
.tag{display:inline-block;background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;padding:2px 12px;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy);margin:0 0 .6em!important}
.iisc .tag{background:#fff}
.explain{background:#eef4fa;border-left:4px solid var(--navy);border-radius:8px;padding:12px 16px;font-size:.97rem}
.who{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:6px 26px 18px;margin:30px 0}.who h2{border:0}
.who dl{margin:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:4px 28px}.who dl>div{padding:10px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.who dt{font-weight:800;color:var(--navy)}.who dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:.95rem}
.bar-label small{color:var(--muted);font-size:.82rem;display:block;line-height:1.35}
.legend{background:#f3f9f5;border:1px solid #cfe6d7;border-radius:8px;padding:8px 12px}
.toc{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:6px 26px 20px;margin:40px 0}.toc h2{border:0}.toc h4{margin:1.2em 0 .3em;color:var(--navy)}
.toclist{columns:2;column-gap:28px;padding-left:18px;font-size:.92rem}.toclist li{break-inside:avoid;margin-bottom:4px}.toclist a{text-decoration:none}.toclist a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.ftoc{border-top:1px solid #2c4a66;margin-top:24px;padding-top:14px;font-size:.92rem}.ftoc h2{margin-bottom:6px}
@media(max-width:640px){.who dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}.toclist{columns:1}}